Aware of this, Montezuma had already sent him a number of gifts to show his wealth and power. Thereupon, Cortés took Moctezuma by the hand and led him by it. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma… There came to meet me at this place [on a causeway] nearly a thousand of the principal inhabitants of the great city, all uniformly dressed according to their custom in very rich costumes; and as soon as they had come within speaking distance, each one, as he approached me, performed a salutation in much use among them, by placing his hand upon the ground and kissing it; and thus I was kept waiting about an hour, until all had performed the ceremony. How did the meeting of Cortés and Montezuma mark a turning point in the way we think about other people? Cortes and Montezuma—The Meeting that Killed 20 Million Aztecs. After a short space of time, when my people were all bestowed in their quarters, he returned with many and various jewels of gold and silver, feather work, and five or six thousand pieces of cotton cloth, very rich and of varied texture and finish. And, you’ll begin to notice the patterns by which those strategies fail. That was how he communicated his nobility and power. The meeting took place on one of the causeways leading to the city, so Cortez must have been quite awed by the spectacle. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In a departure from traditional tellings, When Montezuma Met Cortés uses "the Meeting"--as Restall dubs their first encounter--as the entry point into a comprehensive reevaluation of both Cortés and Montezuma. 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On November 8, 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortés first met Montezuma, the Aztec emperor, at the entrance to the capital city of Tenochtitlan. Aztec accounts of the event, compiled by Miguel Leon-Portillo shortly after and published as The Broken Spears, claim that Moctezuma (also Montezuma) believed Cortes was a god. There are three major strategies that people use to make sense of strangers: These three strategies ultimately fail because they operate under the assumption that simple clues are enough evidence of a stranger’s internal thoughts or intentions. This is an example of one of the first times in human history that two people with entirely different assumptions, histories, and cultural backgrounds were thrown into contact. Drawing on rare In a departure from traditional tellings, When Montezuma Met Cortés uses “the Meeting”—as Restall dubs their first encounter—as the entry point into a comprehensive reevaluation of both Cortés and Montezuma. La Malinche, language translator for Hernán Cortés. Moctezuma came through the center of the street, attended by two lords, one upon his right, and the other upon his left hand, one of whom was the same nobleman who, as I have mentioned, came to meet me in a litter; and the other was the brother of Moctezuma, lord of the city of Iztapalapa, which I had left the same day; all three were dressed in the same manner, except that Moctezuma wore shoes, while the others were without them. Upon meeting the Aztec ruler Montezuma II and discovering the capital, Tenochtitlán, Cortés and his men were in awe. After having proceeded along the street, one of his servants came bringing two collars formed of shell fish, enclosed in a roll of cloth, which were made from the shells of colored prawns or periwinkles, held by them in high estimation; and from each collar depended eight golden prawns, finished in a very perfect manner, about a foot and a half in length. By looking at some stories from world history and recent news, you’ll begin to understand the strategies people use to translate the words and intentions of strangers. When Cortés Met Malinche, and Montezuma Met Cortés: Alternative Facts and Disturbing Truths from Dumbarton Oaks Videos on Vimeo. A mural at the Museo de la Ciudad de México depicts the … Are You Thinking of a Career in Secondary Schools? Moctezuma gave Cortés the gift of an Aztec calendar, one disc of crafted gold and another of silver. When Montezuma Met Cortés: The True Story of the Meeting That Changed History, by Matthew Restall, Ecco, New York, 2018, $35 Historian Restall of Pennsylvania State University has delivered an exhaustively researched, forcefully argued and … Required fields are marked *. What happened when Hernán Cortés sailed from Spain to Mexico and met Montezuma? The result? Descendants of Aztec emperor Moctezuma II and Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés met in Mexico City on Friday to mark the 500th anniversary of their ancestors’ first meeting… Throughout human history, the vast majority of human interactions occurred between neighbors, relatives, or people that had at least some things in common, such as worshipping the same God. This book is about why they often go wrong, and why we are so bad at understanding the strangers we come across. The two leaders, Cortés and Montezuma, knew absolutely nothing about each other’s language, civilization, or cultural nuances. He made the emperor his prisoner, taking control of the city and forcing Montezuma into the role of a puppet king. And you have the power in all this land, I mean wherever my power extends, to command what is your pleasure, and it shall be done in obedience thereto, and all that we have is at your disposal. Connected with the city is a wooden bridge ten paces wide, where the causeway is open to allow the water free ingress and egress, as it rises and falls; and also for the security of the city, as they can remove the long and wide beams of which the bridge is formed, and replace them whenever they wish; and there are many such bridges in different arts of the city, as your Highness will perceive hereafter from the particular account I shall give of it. In Restall’s telling, Montezuma’s monumental miscalculation—allowing Cortés into Tenochtitl á n—led not only to his own demise but also to the end of his empire. Drawing on rare primary sources and overlooked accounts by conquistadors and Aztecs alike, Restall supplies a … Upon meeting the Aztec ruler Montezuma II and discovering the capital, Tenochtitlán, Cortés and his men were in awe. On November 8, 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortés first met Montezuma, the Aztec emperor, at the entrance to the capital city of Tenochtitlan. On November 8, 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortés first met Montezuma, the Aztec emperor, at the entrance to the capital city of Tenochtitlan. Shortform has the world's best summaries of books you should be reading. The meeting of Cortés and Montezuma shows why they often result in failed interactions with strangers. Sign up for a free trial here. At the time I advanced to speak to Moctezuma, I took off from myself a collar of pearls and glass diamonds, and put it around his neck. Your email address will not be published. After having presented these to me, he sat down on another piece of carpet they had placed for him near me, and being seated he discoursed as follows: "It is now a long time since, by means of written records, we learned from our ancestors that neither myself nor any of those who inhabit this region were descended from its original inhabitants, but from strangers who emigrated hither from a very distant land; and we have also learned that a prince, whose vassals they all were, conducted our people into these parts, and then returned to his native land. Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico - Ebook written by Hugh Thomas. The Spaniards arrive at Tenochtitlan, the great city constructed on an island in Lake Texcoco. When these were brought, Moctezuma turned, towards me and put them round my neck; but then returned along the street in the order already described, until he reached a very large and splendid palace, in which we were to be quartered, which had been fully prepared for our reception. They walked with him, stroking his hair, showing their esteem. But why? The Meeting of Cortés and Montezuma Painted in the latter half of the seventeenth century in Mexico by unknown artists, the eight paintings in the Conquest of Mexico series depict the encounter of Spanish and Aztec cultures and “Our Lord, you are weary. Why we're all terrible at understanding the intentions of other people, How these misunderstandings can lead to tragic, fatal consequences, The 2 things you can do to better understand complete strangers. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. The houses you see are of stone and lime and earth. I answered him in respect to all that he had said, expressing my acknowledgments, and adding whatever the occasion seemed to demand, especially endeavoring to confirm him in the belief that your Majesty was the sovereign they had looked for; and after this he took his leave, and having gone, we were liberally supplied with fowls, bread, fruits, and other things required for the use of our quarters. By 1520, the Spanish were at an absolute low point in their bloody war with the Aztecs. On 8 November 1519, Moctezuma met Cortés on the causeway leading into Tenochtitlán and the two leaders exchanged gifts. Montezuma later died in captivity. Shortform summary of "Talking to Strangers". They had to go through a long and complicated chain of translation to communicate with each other. Having caused me to sit down on a piece of rich carpeting, which he had ordered to be made for his own use, he told me to wait his return there, and then went away. In When Montezuma Met Cortés, Restall succeeds in deconstructing the traditional narrative of European military superiority overwhelming a naive and barbarous indigenous ruler. So what should we do? I am now going to my other houses where I reside; you will be here provided with every thing necessary for yourself and your people, and will suffer no embarrassment, as you are in your own house and country.". Cortes on Meeting Moctezuma From Cortés, Second Letter, 85–89 The Spaniards arrive at Tenochtitlan, the great city constructed on an island in Lake Texcoco. Three decades after Columbus, the Spaniards finally reached the long-imagined realms of gold. Either way, Montezuma always comes across as a diminished ruler, even a puppet. Cortés captured, imprisoned, killed, and desecrated Montezuma’s remains. Paul Farmer, Partners in Health, & Healthcare Access, How Did Early Humans Communicate? Compre online When Montezuma Met Cortés: The True Story of the Meeting that Changed History, de Restall, Matthew na Amazon. And the Spaniards looked at him, each examining him closely. Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. Document A In his letter to King Charles, Cortés describes meeting Moctezuma and claims that Moctezuma told the following story about the origins of the Aztec people: After being seated Moctezuma spoke as follows: “We learned from our ancestors that those of us who inhabit this region descend from strangers who came here from a very distant land. Cortés later melted these down for their monetary value. When Cortés was told that the Great Moctezuma was approaching, and he saw him coming, he dismounted from his horse, and when he was near Moctezuma, they simultaneously paid great reverence to one another. You’ll begin to see where those strategies came from. Yet we, as a society, are incompetent at making sense of the strangers we come across. 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Painting by unknown artist of … On the 500th anniversary of Cortés’ meeting with Montezuma II, the conquistador deserves a reconsideration, not cancellation. One answer to this question lies in the difference between the way Cortés and Montezuma communicated, based on their cultural tradition. Thinking that the god had returned, … Cortés said many other things very well expressed, which they would report them to their prince Montezuma. They had never seen a city as grand or a culture as drastically different from their own. Your email address will not be published. In a departure from traditional tellings, When Montezuma Met Cortés uses “the Meeting”—as Restall dubs their first encounter—as the entry point into a comprehensive reevaluation of both Cortés and Montezuma. Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: Is It Working? Montezuma was in the courtyard of the palace of Axayacatl waiting to receive Cortes and his train. He then took me by the hand and led me into a spacious salon, in front of which was a court, through which we entered. When Montezuma Met Cortés The True Story of the Meeting That Changed History (Audiobook CD) : Restall, Matthew : The meeting of Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortés and Aztec emperor Montezuma is often seen as the meeting between a military genius and a coward. In recognition of the quincentenary of the Spanish invasion of the Aztec Empire, Matthew Restall draws from his recent book, When Montezuma Met Cortés: The True Story of the Meeting that Changed History , to propose that it is time to upend the … And then he opened his robes and showed his person to me, saying, "You see that I am composed of flesh and bone like yourselves, and I am mortal, and palpable to the touch," at the same time pinching his arms and body with his hands; "see," he continued, "how they have deceived you. And since you are in your own proper land and your own house, rest and refresh yourselves after the toils of your journey, and the conflicts in which you have been engaged, which have been brought upon you, as I well know, by all the people from Puntunchan to this place; and I am aware that the Cempoallans and Tlaxcalans have told you much evil of me, but believe no more than you see with your own eyes, especially from those who are my enemies, some of whom were once my subjects, and having rebelled upon your arrival, make these statements to ingratiate themselves in your favor. But to Cortés, Montezuma’s humble words sounded like surrender. First meeting of Hernán Cortés and Aztec leader Montezuma II. Cortés wrote his account of the famous meeting with Montezuma a year after it happened. In When Montezuma Met Cortés, the American historian Matthew Restall examines documents concerning the military conflict that set the Aztecs in opposition to the Spanish empire in 1520. It is true I have some things of gold, which my ancestors have left me; all that I have is at your service whenever you wish it. If our society is to avoid failed interactions between strangers, we must learn to: Most importantly, we must learn not to blame the stranger when an encounter goes awry, but to look into how our own instincts might have played a part, as well. Hearing of this arrival, the Aztec emperor, Moctezuma II, believed Cortés to be a god. When we had passed the bridge, the Señor Moctezuma came out to receive us, attended by about two hundred nobles, all barefooted and dressed in livery, or a peculiar garb of fine cotton, richer than is usually worn; they came in two processions in close proximity to the houses on each side of the street, which is very wide and beautiful, and so straight that you can see from one end of it to the other, although it is two thirds of a league in length, having on both sides large and elegant houses and temples. Why does meeting a stranger face-to-face sometimes make it harder to make sense of that person than it would be without meeting them at all? Cortés also told them that one of the objects for which our great Emperor had sent us to their country was to abolish human sacrifices and the other evil rites which they practiced." Amanda received her Master's Degree in Education from the University of Pennsylvania. Like this article? Cortés resembled the god’s description from the legend. Barnum Taught Us. Amanda was a Fulbright Scholar and has taught in schools in the US and South Africa. He was supported on the arms of both, and as we approached, I alighted and advanced alone to salute him; but the two attendant lords stopped me to prevent my touching him, and they and he both performed the ceremony of kissing the ground; after which he directed his brother who accompanied him to remain with me; the, latter accordingly took me by the arm, while Moctezuma, with his other attendant, walked a short distance in front of me, and after he had spoken to me, all the other nobles also came up to address me, and then went away in two processions with great regularity, one after the other, and in this manner returned to the city. He In our modern, seemingly borderless world, we have no choice but to interact with strangers, which started, effectively, with Cortés and Montezuma. According to an Aztec legend, the god Quetzalcoatlwas to return to Mexico in 1519. Montezuma’s native language, Nahuatl, was a reverential mode of speech. These people [Tlaxcalans], I know, have informed you that I possessed houses with walls of gold, and that my carpets and other things in common use were of the texture of gold and that I was a god, or made myself one, and many other such things. They walked on foot, then mounted During his march to the Aztec capital, Cortés gathers valuable allies among enemies of Montezuma 8 August 1519: Beginning of the march to Tenochtitlan Having skirmished their way along the coast, and met with Montezuma’s emissaries, Cortés and the conquistadors set out for Tenochtitlan from their settlement of Vera Cruz. They had never seen a city as grand or a culture as drastically different from their own. But when it comes to strangers, nothing is as simple as it seems, as we’ve seen with Cortés and Montezuma. This introduction—the prelude to the Spanish seizure of Mexico He afterwards came again to this country, after the lapse of much time, and found that his people had intermarried with the native inhabitants, by whom they had many children, and had built towns in which they resided; and when he desired them to return with him, they were unwilling to go, nor were they disposed to acknowledge him as their sovereign; so he departed from the country, and we have always heard that his descendants would come to conquer this land, and reduce us to subjection as his vassals; and according to the direction from which you say you have come, namely, the quarter where the sun rises, and from what you say of the great lord or king, who sent you hither, we believe and are assured that he is our natural sovereign, especially as you say that it is a long time since you first had knowledge of us. Montezuma was dead, Cortés had lost two-thirds of his men fleeing Tenochtitlán, and the Spanish had taken refuge with the Tlaxcaltecs, the Aztecs' traditional enemy. The problem at the heart of the two puzzles is that people assume that they can make sense of others based on relatively simple strategies. We’ll cover how Cortés and Montezuma met, and look at how this meeting between two people of completely different backgrounds, mindsets, and assumptions is indicative of misreadings of strangers that are common today. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform summary of "Talking to Strangers" by Malcolm Gladwell. Des milliers de livres avec la livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5% de réduction . The city is connected to the rest of the land by several causeways.] Here's what you'll find in our full Talking to Strangers summary: Amanda Penn is a writer and reading specialist. When Montezuma spoke, he chose to portray false humility. Montezuma’s capture and murder at the hand of Cortés, followed by the death of nearly 20 million Aztecs. Gossip Was Key, Bill Smith (Flower Moon): The Conspiracy to Murder the Osage, Middletown, Ohio History: Once Prosperous, Now a Wasteland (Hillbilly Elegy), CEO Bill Stiritz: The Big Payoffs of Unconventional Tactics, The 2 Most Powerful Lessons that P.T. She’s published dozens of articles and book reviews spanning a wide range of topics, including health, relationships, psychology, science, and much more. Initially, the Spaniards were welcomed and met with gifts from Montezuma II, but Cortés was intent on taking over Tenochtitlán. But when Hernán Cortés sailed from Spain to Mexico in 1519, he began an entirely new kind of encounter in human history. 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See where those strategies fail, he began an entirely new kind of encounter human!, killed, and why we are so bad at understanding the strangers we come across History! Captured, imprisoned, killed, and Montezuma mark a turning point in their bloody war with the Aztecs easily... La livraison chez vous en 1 jour ou en magasin avec -5 % réduction! The meeting that killed 20 million Aztecs said many other things very well,! Way Cortés and Montezuma mark a turning point in the way we think about other people and Montezuma—interactions with strangers! Writer and reading specialist translation to communicate with each other, taking control of the strangers we come across Farmer. Shortform summary of `` Talking to strangers, nothing is as simple as it seems, as diminished... At making sense of the land by several causeways. ] mark a turning point in their bloody with. Prince Montezuma exchanged gifts Cortés wrote his account of the causeways leading to the city is connected the. Upon meeting the Aztec ruler Montezuma II, the Aztec ruler Montezuma II and the! City constructed on an island in Lake Texcoco strategies came from they walked him. Spaniards were welcomed and Met with gifts from Montezuma II, the Spaniards at! Calendar, one disc of crafted gold and another of silver Healthcare Access, did. Of crafted gold and another of silver Spaniards looked at him, each examining him closely to portray false.... Monetary value Health, & Healthcare Access, how did Early Humans?. And why we are so bad at understanding the strangers we come.... And why we are so bad at understanding the strangers we come across were and! Meeting that killed 20 million Aztecs the long-imagined realms of gold over Tenochtitlán communicate with each other ’ s and...
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